Orbital 1: Wave modes by Fourier transform / https://lnkd.in/eyzQhksq
Entitled 'Induction system for a fusion reactor', the patent application filed on 8 September 2023 explores the relationship between temperature, pressure, density and time in order to enable the confinement of magnetic plasma over an unlimited period. The invention relates to the confinement of electrons and ions by inertia. As a spin-off from this development, a new orbital model of general relevance was discovered. This model establishes a connection between time and the number of periods in a ring oscillation. Endless loops are arranged in a double-helical configuration around a centre point. Like charged particles, fermions change direction by 180 degrees four times per revolution. This causes them to return to their initial state within one orbital cycle. The orbital model described in the patent specification has a clear geometric structure and can therefore be precisely defined. However, asymmetric conditions arise because the magnetic field of a fusion reactor, chemical element or black hole is stronger on the concave inner side of a sphere aligned towards the centre than on its convex outer side. Consequently, the central magnetic field line shifts towards the centre in each case. The orbital layer structure of chemical elements, the layered structure of a fusion reactor's plasma volume, and the plasma body of a double helix within the event horizon of a black hole all exhibit asymmetrical magnetic fields. Remarkably, this imbalance and the dynamics that can be deduced from it can explain the existence of the universe, life on Earth, and our own existence. Assuming the speed of light is constant, we can conclude that light travels faster through empty space than through denser matter. Different vibrations of the field cause matter to fold in different ways. As demonstrated in the video, entangled matter exhibits primordial nodal points that correspond to the high and low points of linear chains and twofold or multi-fold entangled structures, which can be expressed using the Fourier transform. This results in linear or spatial folding structures of matter. However, the formation of chemical elements, molecules, crystals and organic structures — including life itself — can only be explained by quantum mechanical mechanisms that enable the separation of chained and networked structures within the entangled universe. In many respects, the physics of the universe and nature cannot fulfil mathematics' claim to absoluteness. For example, absolute mirror symmetry would destroy the mirror-symmetrical halves of a dynamic system because the electric charge of a carrier would change sign.
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Orbital 2: How Gravity Bends Space and Time / https://lnkd.in/e6iSpprU
The idea of a 'vacuum' between celestial bodies is theoretical. Space is not truly empty because gravity still exerts its influence there. The phenomenon of two masses physically attracting each other has never been directly observed. Even the renowned scientist Newton refrained from making speculative hypotheses about it, stating that he had no hypothesis. The concept of a 'vacuum' also applies to the space between the nucleus of an atom and its electron shell. Using the hydrogen atom as a model, Niels Bohr accurately calculated the precise distance between the nucleus of a hydrogen atom and the orbit of its electron. This distance is equivalent to approximately one-twentieth of a nanometre. Compared to the atomic nucleus, Bohr's radius seems substantial: it is equivalent to the distance between a micro-sphere at the centre of a football stadium and the outermost rows, representing the electron's innermost orbital. The video presents a hydrogen orbital model with four quantum field levels, illustrating the eccentric orbits that produce ring-shaped bands. At each of these levels, the direction of the electron spin changes. The distance between an inner circle, shown in blue, and an outer circle, shown in green, defines a hollow spherical quantum space in which the electron occupies an orbital on the surface of a uniform transformation sphere. The distance of this sphere from the atomic nucleus corresponds to Bohr's radius. This transformation sphere fulfils the conditions of a Poincaré group and is subject to Lorentz transformation, rotation and translation. This implies that the electron can be found at any point within the hollow sphere defined by the blue and green circles. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that the path length of an electron in the orbitals of the hydrogen atom is proportional to the radius of the blue and red semicircular arcs. Therefore, the path length for fermions can generally be expressed as 4πr, where r is the radius. However, when antimatter is considered, 8πr corresponds to the gravitational constant for the entire universe, where r is the radius of the red and blue arcs. Assuming the hypothesis that gravity is a property of spacetime, it can be stated that gravity changes its 'sign' as it passes through the four quantum field planes, manifesting as both an attractive and a repulsive force. Consequently, a balance of forces is established between the atomic nucleus and the electron shell, preventing the electron from crashing into the nucleus. This balance is consistent with astrophysical observations of black holes and the expansion of the universe.
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Orbital 3: Quantum Gravity in Chemistry / https://lnkd.in/ewyE5VJr
Niels Bohr's 1913 spherical shell model of atoms is compatible with Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, describing electron properties. Einstein presented this theory to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin on 25 November 1915. Bohr also coined the term 'quantum leap', highlighting the connection with quantum physics. However, the opportunity to further develop a relativistic orbital model was lost when the uncertainty principle was introduced to nuclear science, due to the wave–particle paradox first observed by Werner Heisenberg in 1927 and the equations established by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926 to calculate the probability of an electron's position. Nevertheless, it is important to recognise that electrons exist as particles characterised by mass, an axis of angular momentum and quantum properties — provided, of course, that they are not observed. The novel quantum gravity theory illustrates this using the example of beryllium, in which two electrons occupy the 1s and 2s orbitals. This theory applies to all 25 elementary quantum building blocks, from which all matter — including crystals, molecules, and the 118 known chemical elements — is derived. Thus, the cubic and spherical orbital model presented here can also be regarded as a self-consistent theory of the curvature of space and time. This includes quantum leaps and dwell times depending on the energy level of the shell, as well as entangled, electron-specific information. Consequently, the concept of the present as a boundary between the past and the future is abolished.
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Orbital 4: Water / https://lnkd.in/ePeqiuNP
Ten electrons participate in relativistic orbits. Water is fundamental to life on Earth thanks to its versatile properties. Its physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties depend on its molecular structure, as well as the bonds and interactions between its molecules. A polar covalent bond is defined as a chemical bond in which the involved atoms carry partial charges due to their differing electronegativities (3.44 for oxygen and 2.2 for hydrogen). In the case of water, this difference results in a bipolar molecule consisting of one negatively charged oxygen atom and two positively charged hydrogen atoms. The bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms is not strong enough to form a covalent ionic bond. As a member of the sixth main group of the periodic table, oxygen has six outer electrons. The two hydrogen atoms are arranged at a 104.5-degree angle to each other. There are two types of hydrogen bond: linear, with a bond angle of 180°; and non-linear, with a bond angle of 180° ± 20°. The non-linear bonds form a tetrahedral network. The typical length of a hydrogen bond is 0.18 nm. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for many of water's important properties. These include its liquid state under normal conditions, cohesion, its relatively high boiling point, and its density anomaly. Van der Waals forces act between water molecules, constantly breaking up and reassembling the molecular clusters, giving water its remarkable properties. For example, water is a liquid above freezing point and solidifies into ice below zero degrees Celsius when six water molecules form a ring via hydrogen bonds. Below -22°C, this creates a cubic ice structure. The high energy required to convert liquid water to vapour at 100°C, compared to that required for other substances, is explained by the fact that the hydrogen bonds must be broken during evaporation.
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Orbital 5 : When Water Turns to Ice / https://lnkd.in/djaTWWiJ
Dear friends, colleagues and supporters of the RES Institute, With the year coming to a close, I would like to thank you all for your continued support and interest in our publications. 2025 has been a very fruitful and productive year for us, with ambitious projects ranging from nuclear fusion to a brand-new relativistic orbital model. I would like to wish you and your loved ones a peaceful and reflective festive season. As we approach the New Year, I would like to wish you good health, happiness and fulfilment in the year ahead. Yours sincerely, F. Grimm
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Orbital 6: The Four Hybrid Orbitals of Methane / https://lnkd.in/e_CQjwkt
This animated model illustrates the concept of hybrid orbitals, which are based on chained ring oscillations. Each blue or red semicircular arc represents a plane in which an electron moves at 2,200 km/h, inducing a magnetic field. The example of methane shows how its four electrons combine with the electrons of four hydrogen atoms within hybrid orbitals. Each of the four hybrid orbitals consists of six semicircular arcs of equal radius. Three of these arcs lie close to the carbon atom's nucleus, while the other three lie close to the hydrogen atom's nucleus. The arcs are connected to each other in a common plane where the direction of the centripetal force exerted on the electrons changes suddenly by 90 degrees at each of the six connection points. This results in a torque being exerted on the angular momentum axis of the electrons, initiating a transition from an upward spin to a downward spin. Due to the mirror symmetry of the four hybrid orbitals in relation to the angular momentum plane, the induced magnetic forces cancel each other out. This ensures that the methane molecule exerts no forces on its atomic or molecular environment. The offset of the momentum planes of the hybrid orbitals at 109.5° gives rise to the tetrahedral structure characteristic of methane. The final sequence of the animation shows the four electron 'crowns' of methane coming together to form a six-period ring vibration that orbits both the carbon and hydrogen nuclei, changing direction six times. The hybrid orbitals, which are based on the structural form of a double helix, are a fundamental aspect of carbon chemistry. As a relativistic orbital model, the generally valid model of orbitals formed from spheres and fractals of spheres has implications that extend beyond the field of carbon chemistry. It forms the basis of a unified theory that encompasses all natural sciences.
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Orbital 7 : Benzene / https://lnkd.in/ez3k8bdM
Ladies and gentlemen, the Res Institute is proud to present a relativistic orbital model, using benzene as an example. The benzene ring is depicted with six mobile electrons, in accordance with the molecular formula C₆H₆. Benzene is the parent compound of aromatic hydrocarbons. This colourless liquid has a distinctive, sweet, aromatic odour. It is highly flammable and burns with a strong, sooty flame. It is non-polar and miscible with many organic solvents, but not with water. Discussions about the structure of benzene played a central role in the development of organic chemistry theory. According to legend, the German chemist August Kekulé had a dream in 1865 in which he saw a snake biting its own tail. This image of the Ouroboros thus marks the beginning of hydrocarbon chemistry in Germany, and Kekulé's model was the first to reflect the finding from experiments that all carbon atoms in benzene are equivalent. Kekulé (born 7 September 1829 in Darmstadt; died 13 July 1896 in Bonn) was a German chemist and natural scientist who laid the foundations for the modern structural theory of organic chemistry. From 1895, he was also known as Kekulé von Stradonitz.
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Orbital 8: Graphene / https://lnkd.in/edR67HE4
The fundamental importance of graphene as a revolutionary material in modern science and technology stems from its intrinsic properties. Its physical, chemical, electrical, mechanical and structural properties depend on its molecular structure and the bonds and interactions between carbon atoms within the graphene sheet. A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which the involved atoms share electrons to achieve stability. In graphene, this concept is realised through a network of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional, hexagonal lattice. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three neighbouring carbon atoms via sigma bonds, forming a continuous planar structure. The carbon-carbon bond lengths in graphene are approximately 1.42 Å, which is slightly shorter than a typical single bond length due to the partial double-bond character arising from delocalisation. As a second-period element, the carbon atoms in graphene utilise sp² hybridisation. Each carbon atom forms three sp² hybrid orbitals which overlap with the sp² orbitals of neighbouring carbon atoms, creating the sigma bonds that give the graphene lattice its structural integrity. The unhybridised p orbitals of each carbon atom are perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and overlap to form an extensive π-electron system. This delocalisation of π electrons extends across the entire graphene sheet, giving graphene its remarkable electronic and thermal conductivity.
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Orbital 9: Superconductivity of Graphene / https://lnkd.in/e6iSpprU
A change in the spin oscillation mode allows superconductivity.
Dear friends and colleagues, You are all familiar with the saying 'not seeing the wood for the trees'. Almost a hundred years ago, Paul Dirac must have felt the same way when he wrote the following comment on his fundamental results at the end of his 1928 essay 'On the Quantum Theory of the Electron' in Physikalische Zeitschrift, Volume XXIX: 'The theory allows transitions from +e to −e.' However, the probability of these transitions is extremely small. Consequently, the present theory is an approximation. It seems that this difficulty can only be solved by a fundamental change in our current ideas, and it may be related to the difference between the past and the future. Across time and space, I would like to address the venerable master. Perhaps the transition from +e to −e is so ubiquitous that it is overlooked, like the forest in which the trees stand! The video clip bears all the hallmarks of the fundamental change in ideas proposed by Paul Dirac. The single electron shown in yellow makes the transition from +e to −e four times in a single orbit. Without this ability, an electron would generate an electric vortex field at a speed of 2,200 km/s as a bipolar charge carrier. This process would occur simultaneously with the excitation of neighbouring electrons. The consequences of such an event at the synapses of the human brain, for example, are alarming, as they would result in an inability to think. Despite its potential to be a ubiquitous quantum mechanical principle governing the operation of the universe, the transition from +e to −e is considered non-existent due to its common occurrence.
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