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Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines


Mother nature spoils mankind with energy in abundance. The energy is not to be found concentrated in one spot or in just one of Platon's elements where it could be collected easily. Instead energy is rather equally distributed on the globe inherent in the radiation of the sun, in the kinetic energy of the wind and in the flow of water. Mankind has to reinvent techniques which have been used in the earliest stage of civilization. We all have to become hunters and collectors again - energy will be subject to collecting and hunting in our times. It will be one challenge to collect it in the planes and in the mountains as well as on the coasts and in the open seas, another challenge will be to store it, to save it and to use it wisely. Skills and creativity of the hunter will be needed for collecting it with new methods affording a minimum of effort. Methods and devices will resemble giant fish traps, when rotor blades are connected among each other to form a giant net structure like with the RES - Giga Tube, they may be similar to giant ring shaped traps like with the RES - Giga Wheel, or they may featuring a giant blade like with the RES - Mega Wheel. All of these devices and structures are rooted in the earliest stages of civilization when spears already where aerodynamically formed to fly and nets were manufactured to catch the prey and circles of stone have been erected to get hold on seasonal change, resembling contemporary circular structures for mirrors concentrating sunlight on one spot on a central tower resembling a menhir.


  • Patentinformation on request

RES - Big Wheel 1

RES-Big Wheel : Something big from #theländ reaches out to the Pacific. #resbigwheel https://lnkd.in/emx99Trm has three-part rotor blades #resblade. This big wheel is not intended to spin your wheels, but on the contrary your full attention will be asked to understand its specific advantages. The big wheel can be built with diameters which lay beyond the diameters of state of the art wind turbines. A lightweight structure is used for the rotor, consisting of an outer compression ring, a nozzle and V-shaped tension cables arranged in radial order. The rotor blades themselves lay in a rotor plane and are cantilevered from the wheels outer compression ring to the outer side as well as to the inside. A rotor blade is twisted in itself and consists of a plurality of straight longitudinal sections in which the nose segment and the leading segment are adjustable in a way to either have a positive or a negative angle of incidence respective to the incoming flow. In other words: The suction side of the asymmetric wing profile can be switched from the leeward orientation to the windward orientation. Supposed, the suction side of every second or every third rotor blade is oriented to the windward side, the effect will be not only to have a gradually adjustable means to slow down the rotation of the wheel, but also to create thrust opposite to the direction of the wind, which helps to reduce the bending moment on the supporting forked mast. #OffshoreWind #OnshoreWind #EnergyTransition #EnergySecurity #EnergyIndependence #EnergyPolicy #GreenEnergy #RenewableEnergy #WindEnergy #ClimateSolution #windturbine #offshore #asktheinventor #reswindpower #windenergy #resblade


  • Patentinformation on request

RES - Big Wheel 2

Big wheel https://lnkd.in/eMas484T #resbigwheel has three-part rotor blades #resblade. This big wheel is not intended to spin your wheels, but on the contrary your full attention will be asked to understand its specific advantages. The big wheel can be built with diameters which lay beyond the diameters of state of the art wind turbines. A lightweight structure is used for the rotor, consisting of an outer compression ring, a nozzle and V-shaped tension cables arranged in radial order. The rotor blades themselves lay in a rotor plane and are cantilevered from the wheels outer compression ring to the outer side as well as to the inside. A rotor blade is twisted in itself and consists of a plurality of straight longitudinal sections in which the nose segment and the leading segment are adjustable in a way to either have a positive or a negative angle of incidence respective to the incoming flow. In other words: The suction side of the asymmetric wing profile can be switched from the leeward orientation to the windward orientation. Supposed, the suction side of every second or every third rotor blade is oriented to the windward side, the effect will be not only to have a gradually adjustable means to slow down the rotation of the wheel, but also to create thrust opposite to the direction of the wind, which helps to reduce the bending moment on the supporting forked mast. #OffshoreWind #OnshoreWind #EnergyTransition #EnergySecurity #EnergyIndependence #EnergyPolicy #GreenEnergy #RenewableEnergy #WindEnergy #ClimateSolution #windturbine #offshore #asktheinventor #reswindpower #windenergy #resblade


  • Patentinformation on request

RES - Big Wheel 3

#towhomitmayconcern : https://lnkd.in/ezsfjiiX https://lnkd.in/ea2iajMR Patent granted for a rotor blade that can swap suction sides. When supported by a giant spoked wheel, a mutational leap in the conversion power of a wind turbine is possible with #resblade. Wind turbines with a capacity of 30 to 40 MW are possible with this new technology. When for example the intake side of every third rotor blade will be oriented in the wind direction, the lift force will act against the wind, resulting in two effects: First, the circumferential speed is reduced and second, the overturning moment of the bifurcated mast is reduced. #reswindpower #resonshore #resblade #asktheinventor #windenergy #windturbine #youcangetitifyoureallywant www.res-institute.com


RES - Giga Wheel 1

On a day in the future, these two gigantic wind turbines will turn in the shallow waters of the North Sea to generate CO2-free electricity for a new industrial age. Each wheel has a diameter of 250 meters and converts the kinetic energy of the wind into a rotary movement with rotor blades, which are designed as two endless spirals and are connected to each other by two ring-shaped blades at the apex of a torus. The rotor of the wind turbine has a stable lattice shell structure that is formed on the virtual surface of the cylindrical torus. The grid shell itself forms the rim of a spoked wheel, which is braced to a hub by means of barely visible steel cables. The wheel axle is carried by a huge fork, which is connected to a foot anchored in the seabed via an azimuth bearing. Several motor-generators arranged in a row, each designed as synchronously excited three-phase machines, are housed within the hub. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted into a rotary motion by the rotor blades, whereby the flow is slowed down. According to Bernoulli's theorem, this increases the pressure in the flow tube so that it expands. The rotating grid shell is perceived by the incoming wind as an obstacle that needs to be avoided. Therefore, part of the flow is directed to the outside of the rotor, while a second part of the flow is directed towards the axis of rotation and flows through the rotor from the inside. Therefore, the flow has a cone angle both on the outer surface and on the surface facing the axis of rotation, which is decisive for generating a torque on the axis of rotation. A tangential drive force acting in the direction of rotation and a thrust force acting leeward are derived from the lift force produced by the rotor blades. While the tangential driving force causes the torus to rotate, the resulting thrust must be absorbed by the support structure of the RES Giga Wheel. The suction side of the rotor blades in the windward half of the lattice shell is oriented towards the inside of the orbit and changes its orientation at the outer and inner apex of the torus in the leeward half of the lattice shell to the outside of the orbit. The freely permeable center of the Res Giga Wheel must be calibrated in such a way that a fluid dynamic equilibrium is established between the Venturi effect occurring there and the expansion of the flow tube caused by the Bernoulli effect. Just like a lens that either converges or diverges incident light, the torus shape, due to the Venturi effect, causes a convergent flow to the rotor blades facing the axis of rotation, while the Bernoulli effect causes a divergent flow to the rotor blades on the outside of the torus. This means that the fluid dynamically effective areas influenced by the torus are significantly larger than the structural dimensions of the grid shell itself. In this regard, the Res-Giga-Wheel follows exactly the philosophy of R. Buckminster Fuller, who once said: Use the forces - don't fight them!


RES - Giga Wheel 2

Doomsday mood in a landscape characterized by coal power plants and heavy industry while a light breeze pushes away foggy swaths exhausted by cooling towers and chimneys. A new dawn is announced by two giant wheels spinning slowly and quietly for the carbon free generation of electricity in a new industrial age. Each wheel has a diameter of 250 meters and transforms the kinetic energy of wind with two endless spirals of rotor blades connected to each other by two ring shaped wings to form a stable grid shell structure on the virtual surface of a cylindrical torus. The grid shell structure itself serves as a rim for a spoked wheel which is prestressed by barely visible steel cables and which are connecting the rim to a giant hub at the center. The wheel's axle is carried by a huge fork connected to azimuth bearings. Several motor generators arranged in a row are housed by the hub. Kinetic energy of the wind is transformed into rotational energy by the rotor blades connected among each other to form a giant grid shell structure, while at the same time the incoming flow is subject to a combination of two dynamic effects: Firstly to extract energy from the incoming flow will slow down the flow speed and simultaneously increase the pressure within the the flow column and secondly will the obstruction of the flow passage cause a deviation of the incoming flow. Therefore on the outer side of the torus the flow it is guided away from the axis of rotation with a divergent conical angel, while on the inner side of the torus flow is being guided towards the axis of rotation with a convergent conical angle, which causes a positive angle of attack for the rotor blades in the windward half of the torus as well as in the leeward half of the torus. Therefore uplift forces point in the direction of rotation at each segment of the rotor blades and can be divided in a tangential rotation force and in thrust that has to be taken by the load bearing tower. Looked at in cross section the cylindrical torus has an outer and an inner turning point, where the orientation of the suction side of the rotor blades is changing from the inward side in he windward half to the outward side in the leeward half of the orbit. The central void of the Res Giga Wheel has to be calibrated in a way that a fluid dynamic equilibrium can be created between the Venturi effect and the widening of the fluid tube caused by the Bernoulli effect. This means that the fluid dynamic dimensions of the torus surpasses its structural dimensions. In this aspect the Res-Giga tube exactly follows the philosophy of R. Buckminster Fuller who once said: Use forces, don't fight them!


RES - Giga Wheel 3

Around ten giant wind turbines with an output of 50 MW each are needed to equal the energy output of one lignit power plant that is polluting the atmosphere with climate-damaging gas. Repowering energy production by means of next generation wind turbines would solve the problem.


RES - Giga Wheel 4

These two RES - Giga Wheels present themselves as a majestic appearance in the north German lowlands and produce electricity in previously unknown quantities with a slow and harmonious turning movement.

GigaWheel_7

RES - Giga Wheel - Drawing 1 - Manipulation of the incoming Flow

The drawing on the left shows the influence of the rotor on the incoming flow. The widening of the flow column as well as the Venturi effect at the central void cause a conical angle of impact on the outer half as well as on the inner half of the torus. The conical angle is crucial to create torque on the rotation axis of the RES Giga Wheel. The graphic on the right side shows flipped over rotor blades which change their orientation to the orbit at the inner and outer turning of the torus.


RES - Mega Wheel 1

Somewhere in southern Switzerland these Mega Wheels produce electricity in unknown quantity up today - around 50 MW per unit! The loadbearing structure of the RES- Mega Wheel is a spoked wheel comprising 15 radial rotor blades on the windward side and 15 prestressed steel cables on the leeward side which are tensioning the rim with the hub of the wheel. The rim itself reveals a huge rig shaped wing having an asymmetric profile with its nose oriented to the wind and the suction side oriented to the outer perimeter of the wheel where thirty flipped over rotor blades are riding as satellites on the rim. The suction side of these flipped over rotor blades changes orientation in the rotation plain from the outside to the inside of the ring wing. Due to the widening of the flow column in the rotation plane the incoming flow attacks both, the ring wing as well as the flipped over rotor blades with a conical angle (RES-α). With regard to the flipped over rotor blades the conical angle on the windward side is guiding the flow away from the rotational axis of the wheel while on the leeward side laminar flow will be guided towards the axis of rotation. Two thirds of the torque are produced by the radial rotor blades while one third is contributed by the satellite rotor blades. Considering the fact that the structural diameter of the RES Mega Wheel is smaller than its aerodynamic diameter the wheel's power of conversion is higher than what you would expect by the Betz law.


RES - Mega Wheel 2

These elegant spoked wheels are turning around slowly and steadily somewhere on a shallow bank in the North Sea. The rim of the RES - Mega Wheel consisting of a circular rotor blade contributes around one third to the torque of the wind turbine. On its outer surface the ringshaped wing carries a multitude of flipped over rotor blades, hardly visible in this perspective. Having an asymmetric profile, the circular rotor blade also defines the rotational speed of the wheel, provoking stall when the wheel surpasses a defined rotational speed. Fifteen radial rotor blades are connected to prestressed steel cables on the windward side while fifteen more prestressed cables connect the rim with the hub. In my opinion future wind turbines with an output of 50 MW per unit will look like these ones. Another advantage of the system can be seen in the fact that the circular rotor blade creates thrust opposite to the direction of the wind and therefore is relieving the turbine's load bearing structure.


RES - Mega Wheel 3

Cleaning up the atmosphere with a new type of wind turbine - the RES - Mega Wheel. Around sixty Mega Wheels are enough to provide the same electrical power as the lignite-fired power plant shown here...

RingWingTurbine_7

RES - Mega Wheel - Drawing 1 - The Betz's Law and RES - α

Extracting energy from the wind in the rotational level (A) will cause a widening of the flow tube. According to the Betz's Law, a theoretical maximum of 59,3% can be extracted from the kinetic energy of the wind. In accordance with Bernoulli's Law, this has two consequences: Firstly, the wind speed (v2) will be slowed down to the half of the original speed (v1) and secondly, the pressure within the flow column increases causing a widening of the flow tube effecting a doubling up of the leeward cross section area (v2) in comparison to the windward cross section area (A1). In the rotational level (A) the conical angle (α) can be used as angle of attack for an asymmetric profiled ring shaped wing which will cause uplift at the turbine's outer perimeter. From this uplift, tangential propulsion and thrust opposite to the direction of the incoming flow can be derived. In this context it is interesting to notice that the fluid dynamic diameter of the turbine is much greater than given by the turbine's structural dimensions.

RingWingTurbine_6

RES - Mega Wheel - Drawing 2 - The Rotational Effect of the Ring Wing

The drawings show a circular shaped ring wing divided in 16 segments. On the left side, one segment is shown as an unwound wing with aerodynamic forces derived from the wind speed, the rotational speed and the conical angle of attack summing up to resulting inflow. (please see also: RES-α) The uplift force always being perpendicular to the resulting inflow points windward and in the direction of rotation. From the uplift force a tangential propulsion force and a thrust force opposite to the direction of wind can be derived. Looking at different sections of the ring wing on the right side, it becomes quite clear that the wind will overflow the ring wing in the blue plane, because the blue profile has less resistance than the red profile belonging to the red plane. Here the red profile would have to be overflowed effecting more resistance than the blue profile because it is not only larger in cross area but also is not appropriate for laminar flow. In the red plane, having an intersection with the focus of the ring wing uplift forces would eliminate each other when attacking at center. In the blue plain however, the blue profile offers minimum resistance for the incoming flow and uplift forces will be rotational effective because they attack with an offset to the center of the wheel. The grey profile shows the structural section of the ring wing parallel to the rotational axis of the turbine.

RingWingTurbine_8

RES - Mega Wheel - Drawing 3 - More efficency calculating with the rotors fluid dynamic effective dimension




RES - Ring Wing Turbine 1

Announcing a new age of carbon free energy production, these two ring wing turbines are turning around producing 50 MW of electrical energy each. We need this type of infrastructure worldwide to match the climate goal.


RES - Ring Wing Turbine 2

The movie illustrates a mutation leap for wind turbines concerning size and power. Delivering 50 MW per unit, these giant wheels with a diameter of 250 meters surpass by far the dimensions of conventional turbines. Just one of them wheels can substitute up to twenty conventional wind turbines. A complete rotation lasts more than a minute - flattering the observer's eye with a slow revolving motion. Although being huge, the ecological impact of "Repowering" will be comparably harmless due to the scale effect of this innovation and due to the relatively slow motion of the wind turbine which reaches maximum efficiency when lambda times 3.5 the wind speed. Please contact me to learn more about the new power house and other innovative features coming along with this invention which will help to sustain a friendly climate on our one and only planet earth.


RES - Ring Wing Turbine 3

These elegant spoked wheels are turning around slowly and steadily somewhere on a shallow bank in the North Sea. The rim of the RES - Mega Wheel consisting of a circular rotor blade contributes around one third to the torque created by the wind turbine. On its outer surface the rim carries a multitude of flipped over blades which are hardly visible in this perspective. Featuring an asymmetric profile, the circular rotor blade also defines the rotational speed of the wheel, provoking stall when the wheel surpasses a defined rotational speed. Fifteen radial rotor blades are connected to prestressed steel cables on the windward side while fifteen more prestressed cables connect the rim with the hub. In my opinion future wind turbines with an output of 50 MW per unit will look like these ones. Another advantage of the system can be seen in the fact that the circular rotor blade creates thrust opposite to the direction of the wind and therefore is relieving the turbine's load bearing structure.

RingWingTurbine_7

RES - Ring Wing Turbine - Drawing 1 - The Betz's Law and RES - α

Extracting energy from the wind in the rotational level (A) will cause a widening of the flow tube. According to the Betz's Law, a theoretical maximum of 59,3% can be extracted from the kinetic energy of the wind. In accordance with Bernoulli's Law, this has two consequences: Firstly, the wind speed (v2) will be slowed down to the half of the original speed (v1) and secondly, the pressure within the flow column increases causing a widening of the flow tube effecting a doubling up of the leeward cross section area (v2) in comparison to the windward cross section area (A1). In the rotational level (A) the conical angle (α) can be used as angle of attack for an asymmetric profiled ring shaped wing which will cause uplift at the turbine's outer perimeter. From this uplift, tangential propulsion and thrust opposite to the direction of the incoming flow can be derived. In this context it is interesting to notice that the fluid dynamic diameter of the turbine is much greater than given by the turbine's structural dimensions.

RingWingTurbine_6

RES - Ring Wing Turbine - Drawing 2 - The Rotational Effect of the Ring Wing

The drawings show a circular shaped ring wing divided in 16 segments. On the left side, one segment is shown as an unwound wing with aerodynamic forces derived from the wind speed, the rotational speed and the conical angle of attack summing up to resulting inflow. (please see also: RES-α) The uplift force always being perpendicular to the resulting inflow points windward and in the direction of rotation. From the uplift force a tangential propulsion force and a thrust force opposite to the direction of wind can be derived. Looking at different sections of the ring wing on the right side, it becomes quite clear that the wind will overflow the ring wing in the blue plane, because the blue profile has less resistance than the red profile belonging to the red plane. Here the red profile would have to be overflowed effecting more resistance than the blue profile because it is not only larger in cross area but also is not appropriate for laminar flow. In the red plane, having an intersection with the focus of the ring wing uplift forces would eliminate each other when attacking at center. In the blue plain however, the blue profile offers minimum resistance for the incoming flow and uplift forces will be rotational effective because they attack with an offset to the center of the wheel. The grey profile shows the structural section of the ring wing parallel to the rotational axis of the turbine.

RingWingTurbine_8

RES - Ring Wing Turbine - Drawing 3 - More efficency calculating with the rotors fluid dynamic effective dimension